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Latest Depression Treatments

The good news is that, if your depression does not improve after treatment with psychotherapy or antidepressants, new fast-acting drugs show promise for treating depression that is resistant to treatment.

SSRIs, or selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, are the most frequently prescribed and well-known antidepressants. They work by altering how the brain processes serotonin which is the chemical messenger.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is also referred to as cognitive behavioral therapy helps you to change negative thoughts and behaviors such as despair. The NHS offers 8 to 16 sessions.

1. Esketamine

The FDA approved the new treatment for depression in March of 2019 nasal spray known as esketamine (brand name Spravato). It is made from the anesthetic ketamine, which has been shown to aid in the treatment of severe cases of depression. The nasal spray can be used with an oral antidepressant in order to combat depression that has not responded to standard medication. In one study, 70% of people with treatment resistant depression who received this medication did well - a more rapid response rate than taking an oral antidepressant.

Esketamine is different from traditional antidepressants. It increases the levels of neurotransmitters that transmit messages between brain cells. The results are not immediate. Patients usually feel better after a couple of days but the effects last longer than with SSRIs or SNRIs. Those can take weeks to months to begin to show effects.

Researchers believe that esketamine helps alleviate depression symptoms by enhancing the connections between brain cells. In animal studies, esketamine reversed the breakdown of these connections which can be seen in depression and chronic stress. It also appears to encourage the development of neurons, which can decrease suicidal feelings and thoughts.

Another reason esketamine is different from other antidepressants is that it is administered via an nasal spray, which allows it to enter the bloodstream much faster than a pill or oral medication could. The drug has been found to decrease depression symptoms within a matter of hours, and in certain individuals the effects are nearly instantaneous.

A recent study that followed patients for 16-weeks found that not all patients who began treatment with esketamine had reached Remission. This is disappointing, but it's not surprising according to Dr. Amit A. Anand, a ketamine expert who was not part of the study.

Esketamine is currently only available in private practice or in clinical trials. Esketamine is not a first-line option to treat depression. It is prescribed when SSRIs and SNRIs do not be effective for a patient suffering from treatment-resistant depressive disorder. A patient's physician will determine if the disorder is refractory to treatment and decide if the use of esketamine is beneficial.

2. TMS

TMS employs magnetic fields to stimulate brain nerve cells. It is noninvasive, doesn't require anesthesia or surgery, and has been proven to improve depression in those who do not respond to psychotherapy or medication. It has also been used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorders and tinnitus (ringing in the ears).

For depression, TMS therapy is typically administered in a series of 36 daily sessions spread over six weeks. The magnetic pulses can feel like pinpricks in the scalp. It may take some time to become used to. Patients are able to return to work and home immediately following a treatment. Based on the type of stimulation used and the stimulation pattern used, each TMS session lasts between 3.5 and 20 minutes.

Researchers believe that rTMS can alter the way neurons communicate. This process is referred to as neuroplasticity. It allows the brain to create new connections and change the way it operates.

TMS is FDA approved for treating depression in cases that other treatments such as talk therapy and medication have not been successful. It has also been shown to help people with tinnitus, OCD and pain. Researchers are also looking into the possibility of using it to treat Parkinson's disease as well as anxiety.

Although a number of different studies have proven that TMS can reduce depression, not everyone who receives the treatment will experience a positive effect. Before beginning this treatment, it is essential to undergo an extensive medical and psychiatric examination. TMS is not for you if you have a history or a history of certain medications.

A visit to your doctor may be beneficial if you're suffering from depression, but are not seeing any benefits from your current treatment. You may be eligible to participate in the TMS trial or other forms neurostimulation. However, you need to first try a variety of antidepressants before your insurance company will cover the cost. If you are looking to learn more about these life-changing treatments, call us now for a free consultation. Our specialists will guide you through the process of determining whether TMS is the best choice for you.

3. Deep brain stimulation

A noninvasive therapy that resets the brain's circuitry may be efficient in just one week for people with treatment resistant depression. Researchers have devised new strategies that deliver high-dose magnetic waves to the brain more quickly and with a schedule that is that what is the best treatment for anxiety and depression more manageable for patients.

Stanford neuromodulation therapy, which is now available in the Advanced Psychiatric Therapeutics Clinic at the UC Davis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, uses MRI images to direct electrodes to deliver magnetic pulses to specific brain regions. In a recent study Mitra and Raichle observed that in three-quarters of people with depression, the usual flow of neural activity from the anterior cingulate cortex to the anterior insula was reversed. With SNT this flow was restored to normal within a week, and coincided with a reduction in their depression.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a more invasive procedure, can cause similar results in some patients. Neurosurgeons conduct a series of tests to determine the ideal placement before implanting one or more leads inside the brain. The leads are connected with the neurostimulator. It is implanted beneath the collarbone and looks like the appearance of a pacemaker. The device supplies continuous electric current to the leads which alters the brain's natural circuitry and decreases symptoms of depression treatment residential.

Certain psychotherapy alternative treatments for depression like cognitive behavior therapy and inter-personal therapy, can also help with depression symptoms. Psychotherapy can be delivered in one-on-one sessions with an expert in mental health, or in a group setting. Some therapists also provide the option of telehealth services.

Antidepressants remain a cornerstone of treatment for depression, but in recent years there have been some remarkable advancements in the speed at which these medications work to lift depressive symptoms. Newer drugs, such as gepirone (Exxua), esketamine (Spravato), brexanolone (Zulresso) and dextromethorphan-bupropion (Auvelity), all have been shown to work faster than older antidepressants.

Other treatments, like electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) or repeated transcranial magnet stimulation (rTMS) make use of electric treatment for depression or magnetic stimuli to stimulate the brain. These are more complicated procedures that require the supervision of a physician. In some cases they may cause seizures or other serious adverse side effects.

4. Light therapy

Bright light therapy, which entails working or sitting in front of a bright artificial light source, has been used for years to help with major depressive disorder and seasonal patterns (SAD). Research has shown that bright light therapy can reduce symptoms like fatigue and sadness by improving mood and controlling the circadian rhythms. It also aids people who suffer from depression, which is intermittently present.

Light therapy mimics sunlight, which is an essential element of a biological clock called suprachiasmatic (SCN). The SCN is associated with mood, and light therapy can alter the patterns of circadian rhythms that can cause depression. Light therapy can also lower the production of melatonin and improve the function of neurotransmitters.

Some doctors are also using light therapy to treat a less severe type of depression known as winter blues. It is similar to SAD but affects fewer people and only happens in the months when there is the least amount of daylight. They suggest sitting in front of a light therapy box each morning for 30 minutes while awake to get the maximum benefit. Contrary to antidepressants, which may take weeks to work and can cause adverse effects such as nausea or weight gain, light therapy can produce results within one week. It's also safe during pregnancy and for those who are older.

However, some research experts warn that a person should never attempt light therapy without consulting of psychiatrists or a mental health professional because it could trigger a manic episode in bipolar disorder sufferers. Some people may experience fatigue during the first week, as light therapy can alter their sleep-wake cycle.

PCPs should be aware of new treatments that have been approved by the FDA however, they shouldn't be ignoring tried-and-true approaches such as antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy. "The pursuit of newer and better is exciting, but we must continue to prioritize the best-established therapies," Dr. Hellerstein says to Healio. He suggests PCPs should educate their patients on the advantages of new treatments and aid them in sticking with their treatment plans. This can include offering transportation to their doctor's office or setting up reminders to take medication and attend therapy sessions.